Each LTCC tape layer has a post-fired thickness of 97 µm and uses Ag metallization with t = 9 µm and σ = 5.5 x 10 7 S/m. The Vivaldi designs presented later use the FerroA6S LTCC process with є r = 5.9 and tan δ = 0.002. Table I provides a comparison of high-performance packaging options currently available by presenting their key performance parameters. As the frequency of operation increases, the electrical performance of the package becomes at least as important as its integration capabilities and overall cost. The adoption of an SoP approach implies that passive components and antennas are implemented as an integral part of the packaging substrate. Most importantly, it is inherently broadband and relatively easy to design and fabricate. It can be shown that the Vivaldi antenna offers several performance advantages that make it particularly well suited to applications in the 60 GHz band. If higher gain is desired, then Yagi-Uda, horn, and Vivaldi radiators are more appropriate. Relevant antennas for applications at 60 GHz include basic radiators such as dipoles, patches, slots, loops, and inverted F. For low cost, high volume products, system-on-package (SoP) design is actually now an absolute requirement. Accordingly, antennas are increasingly realized as an integral part of the electronic chip package, as opposed to on the chip itself or as a stand-alone entity. Degradations associated with lossy substrates and interconnects, impedance mismatch, integration with transceiver electronics and proximity of nearby materials are severe. This paper presents the design of a tapered slot antenna, known as a balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna, and is seen to be a promising candidate for 60 GHz wireless communications.Īt millimeter-wave frequencies, antenna efficiency is paramount. These systems will require the development of antenna array technology with beam scanning capability, since high-gain (narrow beam) patterns that can be steered to track mobile devices, or change shape to reduce interference will be needed. Serious consideration is being given to the 60 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band by the Wireless Gigabit Alliance (WiGig) (now subsumed by the Wi-Fi Alliance) to develop and promote the adoption of multi-gigabit speed wireless communication technology based on the IEEE 802.11ad protocol, and by industry involved in developing fifth generation (5G) communication systems. However, this is not considered sufficient to meet the growing demand, and higher frequency bands will also need to be adopted. The more efficient use of spectrum and the use of smaller cells will help increase capacity within the frequency bands that are currently allocated to mobile wireless communications. The proliferation of portable devices such as smart phones, tablets, and laptops has resulted in an increased demand for mobile broadband wireless, and with the expected growth in the Internet of Things and Machine-to-Machine communications, this increase is expected to exceed the current available capacity. Chen, Transfer functions measurement for UWB antenna, in IEEE APS International Symposium, vol. Baum, Extending the definitions of antenna gain and radiation pattern into the time domain, Sensor and Simulation Notes, Note 350, 1992. Davis, Designing antennas for UWB systems, in Microwave & RF, 2003, pp. Wiesbeck, Transient responses of a Vivaldi antenna and a logarithmic periodic dipole array for ultra wideband communication, in IEEE APS International Symposium, vol. Gibson, The Vivaldi aerial, in Proceedings of the 9th EuMC, Brighton, UK, September 1979, pp. Wu, Wide-slot antenna for UWB applications, in IEEE AP-S International Symposium, vol. Fullerton, The diamond dipole: a Gaussian impulse antenna, in IEEEAP-S International Symposium, vol. Barnes, The COTAB UWB magnetic slot antenna, in IEEE APS International Symposium, vol. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Revision of Part 15 of the Commission’s Rules regarding Ultra Wideband Transmission System, First report and order, ET Docket 98-153, FCC 02-48: Adopted: Februreleased: April 22, 2002.
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